{"id":192,"date":"2024-11-18T15:40:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T07:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/?p=192"},"modified":"2025-01-16T18:47:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T10:47:09","slug":"se3331-cse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/?p=192","title":{"rendered":"SE3331-CSE\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">File System &amp; Distribute File System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014Here we start with File System.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inode_based File System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014I assume you did your lab1 by yourself.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L1: Block Layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-4.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"185\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-4.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-203\" style=\"width:651px;height:auto\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Super Block \u5b58\u50a8Blocksize\u3001\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L2: File layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"401\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-204\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"399\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-205\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L3: inode Number Layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"165\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-206\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L4: File Name Layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-8.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"150\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-8.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-207\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L5: Path Name Layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09\u4e5f\u4ee5File\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0cdata\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7684inode<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201clink\u201d(\u6216\u8005\u662fhard-link)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528reference count\u9632\u6b62\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L6: Absolute Path Name Layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5165\u53e3\uff1a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff1aA well-known name:<strong> &#8216;\/&#8217; <\/strong>\uff1bBoth &#8216;\/.&#8217; and &#8216;\/..&#8217; are linked to &#8216;\/&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014We take a break here. See what we have achieve.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>How to find .\/programs\/pong.c  \u2b07<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"277\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-208\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L7: Symbolic Link Layer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7symbolic link (soft link)\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>hard-link\u4e0esoft-link\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-10.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"396\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-10.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-209\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>hard-link\u4e0esoft-link\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2ahardlink\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3ainode\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Symboliclink \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\uff0c\u800chardlink \u9664\u4e86.\u548c..\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">File System API<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014I find this part kind of boring and hopefully not be used in exam. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>open() vs. fopen()<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>open()\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8fd4\u56deFILE*\uff1bfopen()\u662fC++\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd4\u56defd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fopen()\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86buffer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>File metadata &#8211;inode struct<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-11.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"809\" height=\"425\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-11.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-210\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5339\u914duserid\u3001groupid\u3001\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0last access time\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2afd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>File Descriptor<\/strong>(fd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why fd rather than inode\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>File Cursor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2dFile pos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e24\u6b21\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-12.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"459\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-12.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-211\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>fork\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-13.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"418\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-13.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-212\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u89c1SE2301<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u975einode_based file system<\/strong>\uff1aFAT32\u7528\u94fe\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Remote Procedure Call<\/strong>(RPC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b9e\u73b0Read()\u548cWrite()<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u522b\u7684\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distribute File System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Network File System(NFS)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NFS \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1aNFS \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u6302\u8f7d\u201d(mount)\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1aNFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u72ec\u7acb\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u65e0\u9700\u6062\u590d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Google File System(GFS)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014Really boring, but in exam last year.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>GFS\uff08Google File System\uff09\u662f\u4e13\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u603b\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1.&nbsp;<strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784<\/strong> GFS \u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a64 MB\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aChunkserver\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u5e03\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8f7b\u677e\u6269\u5c55\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.&nbsp;<strong>\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong> GFS \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Master node\uff09\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5757\uff08Chunk\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u627e\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e Chunkserver \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.&nbsp;<strong>\u591a\u526f\u672c\u673a\u5236<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Chunkserver \u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a3\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u800c\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u526f\u672c\u673a\u5236\u8ba9 GFS \u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4.&nbsp;<strong>\u5e76\u884c\u8bfb\u5199<\/strong> GFS \u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Chunkserver \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u8bfb\u5199\uff0cGFS \u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5.&nbsp;<strong>\u677e\u6563\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/strong> GFS \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd&nbsp;<code>\u677e\u6563\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b<\/code>&nbsp;\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6570\u636e\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u534f\u8c03\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6.&nbsp;<strong>\u5bb9\u9519\u548c\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236<\/strong> GFS \u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u6d4b Chunkserver \u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6307\u6d3e\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9636\u6bb5 1\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u548c\u6b21\u7ea7\u526f\u672c\uff08Secondary\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165<strong>\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u526f\u672c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ba1\u9053\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u526f\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d1<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c0f\u5355\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u538b\u529b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-38-1024x97.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-38-1024x97.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9636\u6bb5 2\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u63d0\u4ea4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23<strong>\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff08\u5148\u5e94\u7528\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u672c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\uff08ack\uff09\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-39-1024x293.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.haruhi.fans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-39-1024x293.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08\u9636\u6bb5 1\uff09\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff08\u9636\u6bb5 2\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08Phase 1\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08Client\uff09\u2192 \u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08Chunkserver\uff09\u2192 \u5757\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08Chunkserver\uff09\u2192 \u2026\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u526f\u672c\u95f4\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff08Phase 2\uff09\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08Client\uff09\u2192 \u4e3b\u526f\u672c\uff08Primary\uff09\u2192 \u6240\u6709\u6b21\u7ea7\u526f\u672c\uff08Secondaries\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u526f\u672c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2013another popular (open-source) DFS, just like GFS<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>All above are not perfect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key-value storage(KVS)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014a <strong>system with a simpler API<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>API:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GET(K,V), SCAN(K,V)<br>UPDATE(K,V), INSERT(K,V), DELETE(K,V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>API\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7ea7\u63a5\u53e3\u5bf9\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Get(K) -&gt; V<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684&nbsp;<strong>OPEN(\u2026) + READ(\u2026)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Insert(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e&nbsp;<strong>CREATE(\u2026) + WRITE(\u2026)<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Delete(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e&nbsp;<strong>DELETE(\u2026)<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Update(K, V)<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e&nbsp;<strong>OPEN(\u2026) + WRITE(\u2026)<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6620\u5c04\u4f7f\u5f97KVS\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eFS\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Log-structured file (append only\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4fee\u6539)\u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Log&nbsp;+&nbsp;in-memory&nbsp;hash&nbsp;index (\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u6620\u5c04)\u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Log&nbsp;+&nbsp;on-disk&nbsp;hash<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Linked-list based hash index\u2192<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cuckoo hashing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>LSM-Tree<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014Boring part finally end, but difficult part start.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Atomicity: All-or-Nothing and Before-or-After<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consistency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014We need to ensure that everyone sees the same value. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Four Consistency models<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014From Strict consistency to Eventual consistency, choose according to your requirements.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"878\" height=\"375\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-193\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<strong>strict consistency<\/strong> \u5168\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u4e25\u683c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All the concurrent execution is equivalent to a serial execution\uff08\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The order of each op matches the global wall clock time\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u65f6\u949f\u5339\u914d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5373\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1\u53d1\u8d77\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u8c01\u5148\u53d1\u8d77\u8c01\u5148\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The strongest consistency model for single value operations\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fallback to a single thread, executing each operations one by one\uff08\u56de\u9000\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u65f6\u949f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. <strong>sequential consistency<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\/\u5b8c\u6210\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 \uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All the concurrent execution is equivalent to a serial execution\uff08\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The order of each op matches per-process issuing\/completion order\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\/\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u5339\u914d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5373\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. <strong>linearizability<\/strong>\u5168\u5c40\u201c\u5b8c\u6210-\u53d1\u8d77\u201d\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u5316 \uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All the concurrent execution is equivalent to a serial execution\uff08\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The order of each op matches &#8220;completion-to-issuing&#8221;\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u201c\u5b8c\u6210-\u53d1\u5e03\u201d\u5339\u914d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5373\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u89c1\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0put\u4e4b\u540eget\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Differences between sequential &amp; linearizability\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u90fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But linearizability requires that the effects of the completion of an operation be visible to all operations that begin after the global physical time of the completion of that operation\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u89c1\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Eventual consistency\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Read\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u526f\u672c\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Write\uff1a\u5148\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Eventual consistency<\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>Linearizability\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Linearizability<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Eventual Consistency<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406<\/td><td>\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u51b2\u7a81\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6027<\/strong><\/td><td>\u51b2\u7a81\u5199\u5165\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5<\/td><td>\u51b2\u7a81\u5199\u5165\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u66f4\u65b0\u751f\u6548\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/td><td>\u66f4\u65b0\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548<\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u65b0\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/td><td>\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Eventual consistency\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5199-\u5199\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loss of causality \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u635f\u5931\uff08B\u5bf9A\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<strong>Lamport clock\/Vector clock<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lamport clock &amp; Vector clock<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lamport clock\uff08\u5168\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5148\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949fT\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u9645\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0cT\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2\u589e\u52a01\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u770b\u5230T\u2019\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0T\u4e3a T = Max(T, T&#8217; + 1)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u76f8\u540c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 &lt;\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\u95f4, \u8282\u70b9ID&gt;\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5168\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5168\u5e8f\u4f7f\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u95f4\u6709\u4e86\u5148\u540e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u504f\u5e8f\u66f4\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86Vector clock<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vector clock\uff08\u504f\u5e8f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u6bcf\u7ec4\u4e92\u76f8\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2aLamport\u65f6\u949f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u949f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u503c\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u9075\u5faaLamport Clock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lamport \u4e0e Vector \u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Lamport \u65f6\u949f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Vector\u65f6\u949f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6355\u83b7<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6355\u83b7\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/td><td>\u6355\u83b7\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u987a\u5e8f\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5168\u5e8f\uff08Total Order\uff09<\/td><td>\u504f\u5e8f\uff08Partial Order\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f<\/td><td>\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u987a\u5e8f<\/td><td>\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u987a\u5e8f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u6c42<\/strong><\/td><td>\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/td><td>\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong><\/td><td>\u8f83\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u8f83\u9ad8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Problem \uff1atruncate log<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u622a\u65ad\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u90e8\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u8282\u7ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u66f4\u65b0\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Centralized approach\uff1ause the primary server to determine which ops can be turned into stable.<\/strong>\uff08\u4f7f\u7528Primary server\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>De- Centralized approach\uff1ano primary server, the server decides whether to make the ops stable based on the Lamport Clock it received from other servers.<\/strong>\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2aserver\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Lamport clock\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Approach<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Server1\u2019s all<br>writes<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Server 1\u2019s<br>information on<br>others<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Primary\u2019s<br>response<br>that Server 1<br>received<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Server1\u2019s<br>stable writes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>De- Centralized approach<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt;11, srv1&gt;<br>&lt;12, srv2&gt;<br>&lt;14, srv1&gt;<\/td><td>Server 0\u2019s Lamport clock: 12<br>Server 1\u2019s Lamport<br>clock: 13<br>Server 2\u2019s Lamport<br>clock: 15<\/td><td>(no need to fill)<\/td><td><strong>&lt;11, srv1&gt;<br>&lt;12, srv2&gt;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Centralized<br>approach<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt;-, 11, srv1&gt;<br>&lt;-, 12, srv2&gt;<br>&lt;-, 14, srv1&gt;<\/td><td>(no need to fill)<\/td><td>&lt;1, 11, srv1&gt;<br>&lt;2, 12, srv2&gt;<br>&lt;3, 13, srv0&gt;<br>&lt;4, 14, srv1&gt;<\/td><td><strong>&lt;1, 11, srv1&gt;<br>&lt;2, 12, srv2&gt;<br>&lt;3, 13, srv0&gt;<br>&lt;4, 14, srv1&gt;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014Finally we achieve consistency, but network failure totally destroy it. We need All-or-nothing &amp; Before-or-after. It&#8217;s kind of difficult, so let&#8217;s start from single machine with multi-process.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0All-or-Nothing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8eshadow copy &amp; Journaling\/(logging + checkpoint)\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8b\u52a1\u201c\u5168\u505a\/\u4e0d\u505a\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">shadow copy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u526f\u672c\u4e0a\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rename\uff08\u5c06\u526f\u672c\u53d8\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1aJournaling<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Journaling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662flab2\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u5230\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08Journal\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63d0\u4ea4\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d1\u751f\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u63d0\u4ea4\u524d\u5d29\u6e83\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u5d29\u6e83\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u89e3\u51b3\uff1aLogging for atomicity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Logging for atomicity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0eJournaling\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u6bd4Journaling\u5c42\u6b21\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb0\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\/\u5bf9\u503c\u7684\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1aredo log\/undo log\/redo-undo log<br>Redo logging\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\uff0cundo logging\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff08\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u89c1SE3353\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-1.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"136\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-1.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-194\" style=\"width:340px;height:auto\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CheckPoint<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>CheckPoint\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b49\u5230\u6ca1\u6709action\u5728\u8fdb\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06checkpoint\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flush all page cache<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e22\u5f03\u9664checkpoint \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528CKPT\u6062\u590d\uff1a\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5747\u6307\u5728\u201ccrash\u201d\u65f6\u523b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8eongoing TX\uff1aundo its updates based on the log entries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8ecommitted TX\uff1aredo its updates based on the log entries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8ecrashed TX\uff1aundo its updates based on the log in both CKPT &amp; log entries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0Before-or-after\uff08Serializability\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0race condition\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fee\u6539\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bfb\/\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b80\u5355\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u9501\/2PL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5168\u5c40\u9501\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u62ff\u5168\u90e8\u9501\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u7edf\u4e00\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two-phase locking (2PL)\uff08\u8bbf\u95ee\u524d\u62ff\u9501\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u91ca\u653e\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bf9\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u79cdSerializability\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.Final-state serializability\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5199\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662fFinal-state serializability\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.Conflict serializability\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u5373\u51b2\u7a81\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662fConflict serializability\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conflict\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5199\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b83\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684TX<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-2.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"288\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-2.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-195\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\u5199\u4f5cT1-&gt;T2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"185\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-3.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-196\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662fConflict serializability\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u56fe\u662f<strong>\u65e0\u73af<\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.View serializability\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u4eba\u7528\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5199\u5165\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\u53ef\u4e32\u884c\u5316\u7684\u3002\uff08\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u6ee1\u8db3Final-state serializability\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a2PL\u53ef\u751f\u6210Conflict serializability\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u59a5\u5584\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a2PL\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7b\u8bfb\uff08\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff09\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>OCC (Optimistic Concurrency Control) \u4e50\u89c2\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1without lock\u3002TX\u63d0\u4ea4\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdd\u53cdserializability, \u5219aborts \/ retries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6682\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u505a\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002Read\uff1a\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u8bfb\u53d6\u96c6\u201d\uff1bWrite\uff1a\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u6682\u5b58\u5230\u201c\u5199\u5165\u96c6\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5173\u952e\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u56de\u6eda\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c06\u6682\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u653e\u5f03\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c2&amp;3\u9636\u6bb5\u5fc5\u987b\u5728<strong>critical section\uff08\u5173\u952e\u533a\uff09<\/strong>\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5373<strong>atomic<\/strong>\uff08\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u77ed\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u533a\u53ef\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u9501\/2PL\u5b9e\u73b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8bfb\u53d6\u591a\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u624d\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c2PL \u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9501\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u786c\u4ef6\u539f\u8bedHardware primitive\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff09\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compare-and-swap (on SPARC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compare-and-exchange (on x86)\uff1aCompareAndSwap(int *ptr,int expected,int new)\uff1a\u5982\u679cptr\u7684\u503c\u4e0eexpected\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u5c06ptr\u7684\u503c\u4fee\u6539\u4e3anew\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5747\u4e3aptr\u7684\u539f\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9501\u524d\u7f00Lock prefix \u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u6ee1\u8db3serializability\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u88ababort<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e89\u62a2\u53d1\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u6301\u7eedabort\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5c55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>OCC\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HTM(Hardware Transactional Memory)\uff0c\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u5c42\u9762\u7531CPU\u4fdd\u8bc1before-or-after\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u5b9e\u73b0RTM\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86OCC\u3002\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f<strong>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u5907\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MVCC (multi-versioning concurrency control) \u591a\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528MV\uff08\u591a\u7248\u672c\uff09\u4f18\u5316OCC\u2192MVCC<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521d\u6b65\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Read\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ece\u7edf\u4e00\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Write\uff1a1.\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u800c\u975e\u8986\u76d62.\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>counter\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u6620\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1 T1 \u5728 T2 \u4e4b\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5219 T1 \u5e94\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u8bfb\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981counter\uff0c\u4f46counter\u5bf9\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08FAA\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9636\u6bb51\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ece\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f13\u51b2\u5230\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9636\u6bb52\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u533a\u4e2d\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a <ul class=\"wp-list\"><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c06\u5199\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edfOCC\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u7248\u672c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8bfb\u5199\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u76ee\u524dMVCC\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8bfb\u53d6\u65e0\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\uff1a<strong>\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a TX \u662f\u5426\u5728\u672c TX \u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u65b0\u5feb\u7167<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Write skew anomaly\uff08\u5199\u5165\u626d\u66f2\u5f02\u5e38\uff09 <ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a1.\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u503c\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u30022.\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u30023.\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5728\u5176\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/li><li>\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a1.\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u9000\u56de\u5230OCC\uff0c\u4ec5read-only\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528MVCC2.\u5ffd\u7565\u8bfb\u5199\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08Usually in practice\uff09\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5feb\u7167\u9694\u79bb(Snapshot isolation)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-15.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"109\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-15.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-233\" style=\"width:315px;height:auto\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Multi-site transaction &amp; Multi-site atomicity<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014You remember we need atomicity in a DFS rather than a FS right?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>All-or-nothing\u4f7f\u7528TX+logging\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0cBefore-or-after\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0Before-or-after<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\uff1aall sites either all commits or all aborts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aTwo-phase Commit (2PC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u51c6\u5907\/\u6295\u7968<ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u5c42 TX \u7684\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li><li>\u4f4e\u5c42TX\u8981\u4e48\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6682\u5b9a\uff08Tentative\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li><li>\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f4e\u5c42\u60c5\u51b5<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>\u9ad8\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f4e\u5c42TX\u662f\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u6b62<\/li><li>\u9ad8\u5c42\u8fd8\u534f\u8c03\u4f4e\u5c42 TX \u7684\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u9700\u5bf9logging\u7684\u5199\u5165\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f4e\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1<ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>Redo-undo\uff1a\u6b63\u5e38<\/li><li>Commit log entry\u8f6c\u4e3aTentative commit log entry (PREPARED)\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672c\u5730\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u9ad8\u5c42\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4ea4<br><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1<ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>\u5c06\u201cPREPARED\u201dlog \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6539\u8fdb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2PL\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4e\u5c42 TX \u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u5176\u9501\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9ad8\u5c42 TX \u51b3\u5b9a\u63d0\u4ea4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OCC\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u7531\u9ad8\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The CAP theorem: 2 out of 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027Consistency (all nodes see the same data at the same time)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u7528\u6027Availability (a guarantee that every request receives a response about whether it succeeded or failed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027Partition tolerance (the system continues to operate despite arbitrary message loss or failure of part of the system)\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u603b\u662f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5CP\/AP\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c2PC\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Consistency\uff0c\u9700\u8981<strong>replication\uff08\u526f\u672c\uff09<\/strong>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff08high availability\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0Linearizability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014We can finally implement consistency now! Eventual consistency is unacceptable in DFS,then let&#8217;s try Linerizability! <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\uff1asingle-copy consistency\uff08\u591a\u526f\u672c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u526f\u672c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Replicated State Machines (RSM)\u526f\u672c\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u526f\u672c\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u5747\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff08\u65e0\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7b49\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528primary-backup mechanism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528view server\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3aprimary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6709\u7684primary\u6302\u6389\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914dprimary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5907\u4efd\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518dACKing the coordinator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51b3\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51b3\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u503c\uff08\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6bd4\u5982view server\u6302\u6389\/\u4ec5vs \u4e0eprimary\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1aUse Paxos as view server<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paxos<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Single Decree Paxos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014One hundred people argue, and all of them remember one same value in the end. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>client\uff1a\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>proposer\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u6848\uff08propose\uff09\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8ba9\u63d0\u6848\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570acceptor\u63a5\u53d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>acceptor\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u63d0\u6848\u7f16\u53f7\u548c\u63d0\u6848\u503c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e2a\u63d0\u6848\uff0c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>learner\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Phase 0\uff1aclient\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2aproposer\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phase 1\uff1a<ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>Proposer\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u7b2cN\u53f7\u63d0\u6848\uff08N\u6bd4\u4ed6\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7f16\u53f7\u66f4\u5927\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u7ed9\u5927\u591a\u6570acceptor<\/li><li>Acceptor\uff1a\u5982\u679cN\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53f7\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53f7\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u5c0f\u4e8eN\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63d0\u6848\uff1b\u82e5N\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53f7\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5ffd\u7565\uff08\u62d2\u7edd\uff09<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phase 2\uff1a<ul class=\"wp-class\"><li>Proposer\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684promise\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b2cN\u53f7\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u503c\u4e3aV\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55acceptor\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aV<sub>i<\/sub>\uff0c\u5219\u5c06V\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u63d0\u6848\u53f7\u6700\u5927\u7684V<sub>i<\/sub>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709acceptor<\/li><li>Acceptor\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5N\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06V\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9proposer\u548clearner\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecfaccept\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5ffd\u7565<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phase 3\uff1aLearner\uff1a\u6536\u96c6Acceptor\u7684accept\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55V\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9client<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Multi-Paxos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014Just when we finish argue, fuckin&#8217; network failure enforces us to argue a new value.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p> Single Decree Paxos\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Append log\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c<strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6761\u76ee<\/strong>(log entry)<strong>\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7ec4paxos\u673a\u5668<\/strong>(of course logical)\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e09\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5df2\u5bf9log entry\u4e3a0\u30011\u30012\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u503c\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u73b0\u5728S1\u60f3\u5c06\u60f3\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u503c\u4e3ayyy\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S1\u53d1\u8d77paxos\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06log entry\u4e3a3\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u503c\u8bbe\u4e3ayyy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82e5S2\/S3\u5747\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56depromise\uff0cS1\u518d\u53d1\u9001Accept\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6240\u6709\u673a\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82e5S2\/S3\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\uff0cS1\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u503c\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u673a\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-14-1024x329.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"329\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-14-1024x329.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6Select and Prepare 3\u548c4\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u4e24\u8f6eAccept<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2014\u2014Paxos is good theoretically, but hard to implement.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Raft<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OverView<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leader election<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>Only one Leader<\/li><li>\u53d1\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Log replication (normal operation)<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>Leader\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0log<\/li><li>Leader\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684log\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6server(\u6216\u8986\u76d6)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-list\"><li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/li><li>\u4ec5\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u8db3\u591f\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3aleader<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leader<\/strong>:  \u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u590d\u5236Follower\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7(active)\u3002\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aLeader<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Follower<\/strong>: \u53ea\u5bf9\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684RPC\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u54cd\u5e94(passive)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Candidate<\/strong>: \u65b0Leader\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-16-1024x184.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"184\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-16-1024x184.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-561\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u671fTerm\uff1a\u4efb\u671f\u6709\u81ea\u589eID\uff0ctermID\u6700\u9ad8\u7684Leader\u6709\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u4ece\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9009\u51faLeader\uff0c\u5219\u5728Leader\u6302\u6389\u65f6\u4efb\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u51faLeader\uff0c\u5219\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u7684Term<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Follower\u2192Candidate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>termID++<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d1\u8d77\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6295\u7968<ul class=\"wp-list\">\n<li>\u6536\u5230\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d5e\u6210\u2192\u6210\u4e3aLeader<\/li>\n<li>\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548Leader\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u2192\u53d8\u4e3aFollower<\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2acandidate\u53d8\u6210Leader\u2192\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8d77\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u4e3e<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u964d\u4f4e\u9009\u4e3e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f<br>\u2014\u2014\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u540c\u65f6\u53d8\u4e3aCandidate\u5e76\u53d1\u8d77\u6295\u7968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u590d\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-17-1024x482.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"482\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-17-1024x482.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-562\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u5411Leader\u53d1\u9001\u6307\u4ee4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leader\u5c06\u6307\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leader\u5411Follower\u53d1\u9001AppendEntries RPC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679cLeader\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570ACK\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3acommitted<ul class=\"wp-class\">\n<li>Leader\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>\u5c06committed entires\u544a\u77e5follower\uff0cfollower\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728AppendEntries\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u6821\u9a8c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219Follower\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389\uff0c\u4ee5Leader\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e3a\u51c6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-19-1024x409.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"409\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-19-1024x409.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-564\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6570Follower\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<br>\u2014\u2014\u9009\u4e3e\u65f6Follower\u68c0\u6d4bCandidate\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u65b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u65e7\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u6295\u7968<br>\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-22-1024x515.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"515\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-22-1024x515.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-567\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-23-1024x506.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"506\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-23-1024x506.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-568\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/raft-CN.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"\u5d4c\u5165 raft-CN\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-38e95dd4-3dd5-4cac-9b87-f6d4e2804d9f\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/raft-CN.pdf\">raft-CN<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/raft-CN.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-38e95dd4-3dd5-4cac-9b87-f6d4e2804d9f\">\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5c42\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-25-1024x416.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-25-1024x416.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-574\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Link Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>From a node to its physical neighbor<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u84dd\u7259\u3001\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u3001DJI<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u6b65\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u65f6\u949f\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728CPU\u7b49\u7cbe\u5bc6\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521d\u6b65\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a<strong>Three-wire ready\/acknowledge protocol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728data line<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u6539\u53d8ready line\u7684\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u770b\u5230ready line\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6data line\u7684\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-26.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1003\" height=\"176\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-26.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-577\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u884c\u7ebf\u7f06\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u4e14\u7ebf\u4e0e\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6839\u7ebf\u4e32\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002USB-\u901a\u7528\u4e32\u884c\u603b\u7ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>USB\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5143\u4ef6VCO\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u635f\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u7eed\u76841\/0\uff0cVCO\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u65f6\u949f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f0\u21921+0\uff1b1\u21920+1\uff08\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u53cd\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7535\u5e73\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5355\u6839\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u5e76\u884c\uff1a\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u5206\u65f6\u590d\u7528\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff09\/\u6570\u636e\u5305<br>\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1f<br>\u2014\u2014\u8bc6\u522b\u5305\u5934\u548c\u5305\u5c3e<br>\u6211\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u5305\u5934\u4e3a7\u4e2a1\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u57286\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u76841\uff0c\u5219\u57286\u4e2a1\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u9519\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u660e\u7f16\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u9519\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1a\u843d\u5165\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u7ea0\u6b63<br>\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6d77\u660e\u8ddd\u79bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u4f4d\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u4e0b\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-27.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"367\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-27.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-578\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981<strong>\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong>1\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u843d\u5728 (111,100,010,001)\u56db\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4fbf\u9519\u8bef1\u4f4d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u843d\u5728\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u70b9\u4e0a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981<strong>\u7ea0\u6b63<\/strong>\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u843d\u5728(111,000)\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7684\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b631\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u4e24\u4f4d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u660e\u7f16\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013e.g. 1101\u21921010101<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-28.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"178\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-28.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-579\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Not Match<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Error<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>None<\/td><td>None<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P1<\/td><td>P1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P2<\/td><td>P2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P4<\/td><td>P4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P1 &amp; P2<\/td><td>P3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P1 &amp; P4<\/td><td>P5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P2 &amp; P4<\/td><td>P6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P1 &amp; P2 &amp; P4<\/td><td>P7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Error\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u6070\u597d\u662fNot Match\u7f16\u53f7\u6c42\u548c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea01\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b2\u4f4d\u9519\uff0c\u6709\u6982\u7387\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa3\u4f4d\u9519\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5bb9\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IP Based-Network Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<strong>Best-effort network<\/strong> &amp; <strong>Guaranteed-delivery network<\/strong>\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u540e\u8005\u7528\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u6c9f\u901a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5f20\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0cControl-plane\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0cData-plane\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5305\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Control Plane<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>How to find the fastest path from SJTU to USA?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u5168\u5c40\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5f20\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HELLO protocol\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>advertisement\uff1a\u544a\u8bc9\u522b\u4eba\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8c01\uff08link state\/distance vector\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Link-state<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e00\u4e2alist\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90bb\u5c45\u548c\u5230\u8fbe\u90bb\u5c45\u7684cost<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>A\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u67093\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45BDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-30.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"596\" height=\"512\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-30.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-581\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>A\u5411BDF\u5e7f\u64ad\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u662fBDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-31.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"569\" height=\"574\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-31.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-582\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>BDF\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e7f\u64adA\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-32.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"572\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-32.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-583\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u505a<strong>Dijkstra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distance-vector<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u544a\u8bc9\u90bb\u5c45\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8c01\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>A\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u67093\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45BDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-33.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"504\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-33.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-584\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>A\u5411BDF\u5e7f\u64ad\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u662fBDF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-34.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"568\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-34.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-585\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>BDF\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0cCE\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u540c\u6837<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-36.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"586\" height=\"504\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-36.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-587\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-38.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"100\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-38.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-589\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-37.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"644\" height=\"510\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-37.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-588\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<strong>Bellman-Ford<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u503c\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>link-state\u4e0edistance-vector\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">link-state<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">distance-vector<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>adv\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u5230\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u5230\u8fbe\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8c01\u6536\u5230adv<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u6240\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u90bb\u5c45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6545\u969c\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u9ad8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u4f4e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u4f20\u64ad\u8282\u70b9\u8fc7\u591a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4f18\u70b9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u5feb\u901f\u6536\u655b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u53d1\u9001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u5982\u201c\u6d2a\u6c34\u201d\u822c\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u6536\u655b\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u6700\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff1bInfinity\u95ee\u9898<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>INFINITY\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-39-1024x739.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"739\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-39-1024x739.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-595\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1aSplit Horizon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-40-1024x706.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"706\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-40-1024x706.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-596\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6269\u5c55\u8def\u7531<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Path-vector Routing<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hierarchy of Routing<\/strong>\u8def\u7531\u7b49\u7ea7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Topological Addressing<\/strong>\u62d3\u6251\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Path-vector Routing<\/strong><br>\u2014\u2014\u2013Advertisements include the path, to better detect routing loops<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u6784\u5efaG\u7684\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-41.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"443\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-41.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-597\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>G\u7684\u90bb\u5c45AHJK\u53d1\u6765\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-42-1024x156.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"156\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-42-1024x156.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-598\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>G\u5f62\u6210path vector\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-46.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"316\" height=\"323\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-46.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-602\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-47.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"358\" height=\"323\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-47.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-603\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>G\u7684\u90bb\u5c45AHJK\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u6765\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-48-1024x241.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"241\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-48-1024x241.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-604\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>G\u5f62\u6210path vector\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-49.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"358\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-49.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-605\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-50.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"358\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-50.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-606\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1<br>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u5feb\u7684<br>\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u5305\u542b\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0advertisement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hierarchy of Routing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540cregion\uff0c\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u81ea\u5df1region\u5185\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5230\u5176\u4ed6region\u7684\u8def\u5f84<br>\u9700\u8981IP\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-51-1024x377.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"377\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-51-1024x377.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-607\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8region\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7&#8221;BGP&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-52.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"449\" height=\"286\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-52.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-608\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Topological Addressing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff1f<br>\u2014\u2014CIDR Notation\uff1a(18.0.0.0)\u2192(18.0.0.255)\u8868\u793a\u6210(18.0.0.0)\/24\uff0c\/24\u4ee3\u8868\u524d24\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data Plane<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u51e0\u767e\u4e2aCycle\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1f<br>\u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u67e5\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u66f4\u65b0TTL\uff08\u8def\u7531\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b21\u6570\u5219\u653e\u5f03\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528sleep\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8f6e\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NAT\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u7f51ip\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5185\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u7f51\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7Netgate\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5916\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684ip\u5bf9\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-54-1024x534.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"534\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-54-1024x534.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-610\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case Study: Internet\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8eLink Layer\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u5fae\u8f6f\u673a\u7ffb\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ethernet is the generic name for a family of local area networks based on broadcast over<br>a shared wire or fiber link on which all participants can hear one another\u2019s transmissions.<br>Ethernet uses a listen-before-sending rule (known as \u201ccarrier sense\u201d) to control access and<br>it uses a listen-while-sending rule to minimize wasted transmission time if two stations<br>happen to start transmitting at the same time, an error known as a collision. This protocol<br>is named Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, and abbreviated<br>CSMA\/CD.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u6709\u7ebf\u6216\u5149\u7ea4\u94fe\u8def\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u901a\u7528\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u542c\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u542c\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\u201d\uff09\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fb9\u53d1\u9001\u8fb9\u542c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u78b0\u5de7\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u79f0\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a \u8f7d\u6ce2\u76d1\u542c\u51b2\u7a81\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a CSMA\/CD\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-55.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"74\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-55.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-611\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hub\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hub\uff1a\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u957f\u7ebf\uff0c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u542c\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684Mac\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u53d1\u9001-\u63a5\u6536<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-56-1024x149.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"149\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-56-1024x149.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-612\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\uff0cETHERNET_SEND \u53ea\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5ffd\u7565<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Layer Mapping<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5c06\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5\u5230Network Layer\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u67b6\u6784\uff08LMN&#8230;\u4e3aip\u5730\u5740\uff1b17\/15\/18\u4e3amac\u5730\u5740\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-57-1024x417.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"417\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-57-1024x417.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-613\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1aL\u2192N\uff0cN\u4f1a\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5916\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1aL\u2192E\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eE\u4e0d\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5185\uff0c\u5305\u5934\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u62ecip\u5730\u5740\u201cE\u201d\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668K\u7684mac\u5730\u5740\u201c19\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u4ece4\u53f7\u53e3\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u628amac\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u201c19\u201d\u6539\u6210E\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u5185\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684mac\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeARP<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u7684L\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u7f51\uff1aL\u77e5\u9053M\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aARP\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cM\u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684mac\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5916\u7f51\uff1aL\u77e5\u9053E\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9L\u5c06\u51c6\u5907\u53d1\u7ed9E\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5916\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u5bfbE\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u6216\u8005\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053E\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">End to End Layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u79cd\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UDP(User Datagram Protocol)\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u5305\uff1b\u652f\u6301\u6d41\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol)\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u6d41\u5f0f\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1at-least-once<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1at-most-once<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u6ce2\u52a8\u63a7\u5236(Jitter control)\uff08\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u9690\u79c1\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5168\u90e8\u6ee1\u8db37\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">At-least-once<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u5bf9\u65b9\u672a\u53d1\u9001ACK\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21<br>\u201c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u2014\u2014RTT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RTT(Round Trip time)=\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u5305\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u5ef6+\u5197\u4f59\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d1\u5305\u65f6\u5305\u62ecnonce(id)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sender\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4efd\u5305\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u65f6\u5219\u91cd\u53d1nonce\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5305<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76f4\u5230receiver\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ecnonce\u7684ACK<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679cretry\u8fc7\u591a\u5219\u653e\u5f03<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u786e\u5b9aRTT\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9996\u5148\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528Adaptive timer\uff1a\u6bcf\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5c06RTT\u53d8\u4e3a1.5\u500d\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NAK(Negative Acknowledgment)\uff1areceiver\u5728\u6536\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\u544a\u8bc9sender\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u5931\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\uff0c\u9700\u8981receiver\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2aTimer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">At-most-once<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1areceiver\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684nonce\uff0c\u5982\u679csender\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u5904\u7406<br>\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u754c\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5220\u9664nonce<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e42\u7b49\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nonce\u81ea\u589e\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e0b\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8nonce\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565nonce\u4f4e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4e71\u5e8f\u600e\u4e48\u529e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53ea\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7aef\u53e310000\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u752810001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u590d\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Anyway\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u786e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1achecksum\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u6709\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>sender\u544a\u8bc9receiver\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u6db5\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6536\u52303\u53f7\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u65364\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5305<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2abuffer\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7fbuffer\u5360\u7528\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>buffer\u6ee1\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u7a7abuffer\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u4f20<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>receiver\u53d1\u9001NAK\uff0c\u544a\u77e5sender\u7f3a\u5c11\u54ea\u4e2a\u5305<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6ce2\u52a8\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u89c6\u9891\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u5ef6\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u9690\u79c1\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u516c\u94a5\u53ca\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cc4\u9732<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u53d1\u5305\u2192ACK\u2192\u53d1\u5305\u2192ACK&#8230;<br>\u6539\u8fdb\uff1asender\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u5305\uff0creceiver\u6536\u5230\u540e\u53d1ACK\u56de\u6765<br>\u95ee\u9898\uff1asender\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u5305\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1n\u4e2a\uff0c\u505c\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u518d\u53d1n\u4e2a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9an\u2014\u2014\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5e26\u5bbd\u548creceiver\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e26\u5bbd\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7b49receiver\u5904\u7406\u5b8cn\u4e2a\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u7ec4ACK\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5305 \u3002\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u7a97\u53e3\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-60.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"485\" height=\"575\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-60.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-624\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u7b49\u5f85ACK\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u6389\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981TCP\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-59.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"581\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-59.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-623\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-61-1024x488.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"488\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-61-1024x488.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-625\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff1awindow size\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<strong>window size \u2265 round-trip time \u00d7 bottleneck(\u74f6\u9888) data rate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\uff1asender\u901f\u73871MBps\uff0creceiver\u901f\u7387500kBps\uff0cRTT=70ms\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5305\u5927\u5c0f5kB<br>\u5219Sliding window size=500kB*70ms=35kB\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u53d17\u4e2a\u5305\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\u5835\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8c01\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u51b2\u7a81\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>network layer\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u5835\u585e\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u989d\u6570\u636e\u5305<br>end to end layer\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u5230ACK\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\u6548<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u5835\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u9650\u5730\u53d1\u5305\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7ed9Sliding window size\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u754c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u5835\uff1awindow size\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<strong>window size \u2264 min(RTT \u00d7 bottleneck data rate, Receiver buffer)<\/strong>\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u62e5\u5835\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5835\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f13\u6162\u589e\u52a0\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e22\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u5feb\u901f\u964d\u4f4e\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<br>\u6027\u80fd\uff1a\u5373\u4fbf\u964d\u4f4e\u5305\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f4e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u6ee1\u74f6\u9888\u6d41\u91cf<br>\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AIMD<\/strong>(Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2aRTT\u4e2d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u597d: cwnd = cwnd + 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90e8\u5206\u4e22\u5305\uff1a cwnd = cwnd \/ 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5168\u90e8\u4e22\u5305\uff1a\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u662f1\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u6162\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u589e\u957f\u6309\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\uff0ccwnd=2*cwnd\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-63-1024x452.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"452\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-63-1024x452.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-627\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea7\u751f\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u5e45\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AIMD\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e26\u5bbd\u5206\u914d\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-64-1024x620.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"620\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-64-1024x620.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-628\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981buffer\uff0c\u8fc7\u5927\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u53f7\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u5305\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u589e\u5927\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u74f6\u9888\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8eRTT\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u201c\u504f\u89c1\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DNS\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\">www.smzytyzg.tw.cn<\/a>\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230<a href=\"http:\/\/149.88.86.140\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">149.88.86.140:80<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u52a0\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u627f\u8f7d<br>\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<br>\u57df\u540d\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u57df\u540d\u627e\u5230IP<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d77\u521d\u662f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2atxt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BIND\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u5206\u5c42\u3002.com;.cn\u7b49\u6839\u57df\u540d\u5206\u522b\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u5982se.sjtu.edu.cn\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540e\u7f00\u5c42\u5c42\u4e0b\u653e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u53ea\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684ip\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-65-1024x568.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"568\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-65-1024x568.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-629\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u672c\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u5230IP\u7684\u6620\u5c04<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recursion\uff1a\u7531\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u90e8\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u666e\u904d\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cache\uff1aRecursion\u5bf9root\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c42DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528cache\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u57df\u540d-ip\u201d\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u4f1a\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u5c42DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u518d\u53bbroot\u8be2\u95ee\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-66-1024x610.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"610\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-66-1024x610.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-630\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DNS\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c42\u7ea7\u67b6\u6784\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57df\u540d\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bb9\u9519<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d7\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd<a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\">www.baidu.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u91cd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027 (\u6076\u610f\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\u7f51\u7edcCDN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>docker\u955c\u50cf\u3001b\u7ad9\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u53d1\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<s>\u9664\u4e86\u538b\u7f29\u89c6\u9891\u7801\u7387<\/s>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48<br>\u2014\u2014\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21DNS\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e2d\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684cache\u5185<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P2P(Peer to Peer) Network<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014No Central Server<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BitTorrent\u6bd4\u7279\u6d2a\u6d41<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fb9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fb9\u4e0a\u4f20<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0cBitTorrent \u4f1a\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6301\u7eed\u5206\u4eab\uff08\u79cd\u5b50\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cBitTorrent \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u79cd\u5b50\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tracker\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6bcf\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u54ea\u91cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>seeder\uff1a\u6709\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>peer\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f(.torrent\u6587\u4ef6)\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff08tracker\u7684url\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53ca\u5927\u5c0f\uff0chash\u6821\u9a8c\u7801\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tracker\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2apeer\u7684\u7fa4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u62e5\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u6709\u91cd\u590d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seeder\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u53d1\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\uff08\u6307\u5411\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684.torrent\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8005\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u79cd\u5b50\u83b7\u53d6.torrent\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230tracker\u7684url<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tracker\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2apeer\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8005\u4ecepeer\u5904\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>BitTorrent\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56tracker\uff1b\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u96be\u6269\u5927(tracker\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u3001\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06tracker\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DHT\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684peer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684key\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9key\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-67-1024x483.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"483\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-67-1024x483.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-631\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u90a3\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u843d\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u9006\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411\u7684key\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95eekey\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5c06O(n)\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u5230O(log n)\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u627e\u5bfb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-68-1024x647.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"647\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-68-1024x647.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-632\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6302\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2akey\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u540e\u65b9\u51e0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08successor list\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u8df3\u8fc7\u635f\u574f\u8282\u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u51fahash\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Distributed Computing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u662f6 * #parameters * Batch size<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u529b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5355\u6838\u8bbe\u5907\u7b97\u529b\u63d0\u5347\uff1a\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3001\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u3001\u8d8510G<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5355\u6838\u8bbe\u5907\u7b97\u529b\u518d\u63d0\u5347\uff1aSIMD\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u6709\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u754c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u591a\u6838<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u505a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>roofline model\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\/\u8bbf\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-110.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"799\" height=\"718\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-110.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-894\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cx\u8f74\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2aByte\u80fd\u505a\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u6d6e\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cy\u8f74\u662f\u6d6e\u70b9\u7b97\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u505a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5355\u673a\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u7fa4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u505a\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6279\u5904\u7406\uff1aHadoop\u3001Spark<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff1aGraphLab<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1aTensorFlow\u3001Pytorch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6279\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MapReduce<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5148\u5206\u5de5(map)\uff0c\u518d\u5408\u5e76(reduce)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff08\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u533a\u4ee5\u5f00\u542f\u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Map(fuction, set of values)\uff1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2aset\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3afunction\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduce(fuction, set of results)\uff1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709result\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7function\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Map\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662fReduce\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e76\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u65f6Reduce\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u7684\uff08\u6bd4\u5982word count\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-69-1024x660.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-69-1024x660.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-634\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u505asharding\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u5728GFS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u724764MB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1amaster\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684MapWorker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6267\u884cMap\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6sharding\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230Intermediate File\u4e2d\uff08\u8981\u5206\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6bcf\u4e2aReduceWorker\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u5206\u7684\u5757\u6309ReduceWorker\u6392\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7531ReduceWorker\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u76841\u30012\u30015\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u53ca\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u4f18\u5316\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>worker\u51fa\u9519\uff1amaster\u6301\u7eedping\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6302\u4e86\u5c31\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>master\u51fa\u9519\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06master\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f7f\u7528checkpoint\u5b58\u50a8\u5230GFS\u4e2d\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u5c31\u6062\u590d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GFS\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\u4e0d\u8be5\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9user\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91ccGFS\u5c06chunk server\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684shard\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9master\uff0c\u7136\u540emaster\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94shard\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5197\u4f59\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u7531\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u6162\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u641e\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6613\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u96be\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0a\u96be\u5ea6\u5927<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe-Computation Graph<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u6709\u5411\u65e0\u73af\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-70-1024x500.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-70-1024x500.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-635\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u65e0\u73af\u56fe\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1bDAG\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5165\u5ea6-1\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5165\u5ea6\u4e3a0\u7684\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-71-1024x185.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"185\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-71-1024x185.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-636\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-73.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"561\" height=\"170\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-73.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-638\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u6cd5\u5219\u8ba1\u7b97\u68af\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sgd\">\u968f\u673a\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-74.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"151\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-74.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-639\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u6c42\u548c\u62c6\u5f00\u5c31\u884c\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53eb\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u540e\u6c42\u548c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-75-1024x451.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"451\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-75-1024x451.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-640\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u505a\u5b8c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u5c40\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c06\u6c47\u603b\u518d\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684AllReduce\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AllReduce<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u6c42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51cf\u5c11\u6bcf\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51cf\u5c11\u77ac\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Parameter Server<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u7ed9Parameter server\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u518d\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002\u663e\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-76-1024x389.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"389\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-76-1024x389.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-641\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sharded PS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba1\u7b971\/n\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86PS\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-77.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"485\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-77.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-642\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>De-centralized approach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309\u8ddd\u79bb\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-80-1024x441.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"441\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-80-1024x441.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-645\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sharding Reduce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62c6\u6210n\u4e2a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c0\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-81-1024x457.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"457\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-81-1024x457.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-646\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ring Allreduce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u8981\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u53ea\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-82-1024x457.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"457\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-82-1024x457.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-647\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u505an\u8f6e\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u7684\u68af\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-83-1024x481.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"481\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-83-1024x481.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-648\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u68af\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684w<sub>1<\/sub>+w<sub>2<\/sub>+w<sub>3<\/sub>+w<sub>4<\/sub>\uff0c\u5728GPU\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u6362\u5f8b\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e22\u5931\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u5dee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Round<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Peak node bandwidth<\/strong> \u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/td><td><strong>Per-node<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;fan-in<\/strong><br>\u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Parameter server (PS)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>O(N*P)<\/td><td>O(P)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>sharded PS<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>O(N)<\/td><td>O(P)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Decentralized Allreduce<\/td><td>O(P)<\/td><td>O(N)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ring allreduce<\/td><td>O(2*P)<\/td><td>O(N\/P)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aTree Based<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u7ed9\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6811\u53cd\u8f6c\u5f97\u5230\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u6811\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9664\u4e860\u548c31\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u4e24\u8fdb\u4e24\u51fa\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5747\u8861<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-85.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"623\" height=\"344\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-85.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-650\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Ring allreduce\u7684O(2*P)\u964d\u4f4e\u5230O(log p)\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5fd8\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a81\u7136\u5192\u51fa\u6765\u8fd9\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56de\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b<a href=\"#sgd\">\u968f\u673a\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6c42\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u62c6\u5f00\uff0c\u518d\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6c42\u548c\u5f0f\u5b50\u62c6\u5f00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-87-1024x344.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"344\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-87-1024x344.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-652\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u592a\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5728\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-89.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1002\" height=\"705\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-89.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-654\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u8fd8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pipeline\u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tensor\u5e76\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>pipeline\u5e76\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6309layer\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-90.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"660\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-90.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-655\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-91-1024x351.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-91-1024x351.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-656\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\u4e0a\u65b9\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff08Bubble\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9Batch\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u6bcf\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0b\u56fe\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-92.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"939\" height=\"264\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-92.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-657\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u62c6\u6210\u591a\u5c11\u4efd\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0bBubble\u5360\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b=(p-1)\/m\uff1bp\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u6570\u91cf\uff0cm\u4e3abatch\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u7684\u4efd\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86Bubble\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u5c0f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u673a\u5668\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\uff1b\u589e\u52a0Batch\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4efd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u53d7\u786c\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tensor\u5e76\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-93.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"629\" height=\"732\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-93.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-658\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2aY=WX\u7684\u5206\u5757\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fForward pass\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709Backward pass\uff0c\u6ca1\u770b\u61c2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-94-1024x356.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"356\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-94-1024x356.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-659\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Pipeline parallelism<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tensor parallelism<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/td><td>\u6309\u5c42\u5206\u5272\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe<\/td><td>\u5206\u5272\u5c42\u5185\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4f18\u70b9<\/td><td>\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u6c9f\u901a<\/td><td>\u5bf9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u597d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/td><td>bubbles<\/td><td>\u7f51\u7edc\u6c9f\u901a\u8f83\u591a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Information Security<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027Confidentiality\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b63\u786e\u6027\/\u5b8c\u6574\u6027Integrity\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u7528\u6027Availability\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Threat Model\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f4d\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc\/\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e4b\u5916<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2026\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u524d\u63d0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Password<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u731c\u6d4b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u731c\u6d4b\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6602\u8d35\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5077\u5e93\u7684\u95ee\u9898<br>\u7b80\u5355\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c<br>\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8fdb\u884c\u78b0\u649e<br>\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u76d0\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u76d0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u76d0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\u8bb8\u591a\u500d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u8f6e\u78b0\u649e\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6280\u672f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8be2\u95ee-\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u95ee\u9898<br>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c\u518d\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002<br>\u4f46\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u6bcf\u6b21\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u53d1\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<br>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u5b58\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u660e\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53cd\u5411\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u5047\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5c06\u79bb\u7ebf\u653b\u51fb\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u5728\u7ebf\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4\u56fe\u7247\u6b63\u786e\u540e\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u6211\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u9a97\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u771f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u518d\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5047\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b3a\u9a97\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u771f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5047\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u6b62\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7279\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e32\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801+\u76d0\u505an\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c<br>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801+\u76d0\u505an-1\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u6210n-1\u6b21\u7684<br>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5bc6\u7801+\u76d0\u505an-2\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u6210n-2\u6b21\u7684<br>\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u505a\u9006\u5411\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u6781\u9ad8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528n\u6b21\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u54c8\u5e0c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u94f6\u884cU\u76fe\u7684\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32K\uff0c\u6821\u9a8c\u65f6\u5bf9K+\u65f6\u95f4\u505a\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u503c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6388\u6743\u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3001\u8f6c\u8d26\uff09\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>FIDO-Fast IDentity Online<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5FaceID\u767b\u5f55\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5f55\u5165FaceID\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5143\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u548c\u53d1\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u3002<br>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528FaceID\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u624b\u673a\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6bb5\u201c\u6311\u6218\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528FaceID\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u50a8\u5b58\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u516c\u94a5ID\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7528\u6237\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-95-1024x548.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"548\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-95-1024x548.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-662\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Security Principles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Least Privilege\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u6837\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6570\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Least Trust\u6700\u5c0f\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u53bb\u4fe1\u4efb\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Users Make Mistakes\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u628a\u5bc6\u7801\u6cc4\u9732\u51fa\u53bb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cost of Security\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u53d8\u5dee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ROP-return-oriented programming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u201d\u7f16\u7a0b<br>\u2014\u2014recall\uff1aICS1-AttackLab\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u4fee\u6539%rax\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u88abDEP(Data Execution Prevention)\u9632\u5fa1\u4f4f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6807\u8bb0\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u65ad\u7ae0\u53d6\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u501f\u52a9\u591a\u6b21return\u62fc\u63a5\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9690\u85cf\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ASLR\u5730\u5740\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canary\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\uff0c\u653e\u5728return address\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u679cCanary\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u6389\uff0c\u8bf4\u660ereturn address\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CFI-Control-Flow Integrity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u201d<br>\u2014\u2014ROP\u653b\u51fb\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u56fe\u6765\u62b5\u5fa1ROP\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-96-1024x512.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-96-1024x512.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-664\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6784\u9020\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-97-1024x403.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"403\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-97-1024x403.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-665\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6bb5\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570data\u5230lib\uff0c\u5728\u8df3\u8f6c\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u3002\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-98-1024x393.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"393\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-98-1024x393.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-666\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5047\u8bbeA\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528C\uff0cB\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528C\u3001D\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3aB\u5bf9%ecx\u68c0\u67e5\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5C\u3001D\u7684ID\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4A\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528D<br>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9B\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u65e2\u80fd\u8c03\u7528C\u4e5f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528D\uff1b\u591a\u4e2aID<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\uff1aA\u8c03\u7528F\uff0cB\u4e5f\u8c03\u7528F\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48F\u7684return\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898<br>\u89e3\u51b3\uff1ashadow stack\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7ef4\u62a4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aCFI\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u9632\u5fa1\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u56fe\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-99-1024x537.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"537\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-99-1024x537.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-667\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Blind ROP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7f51\u9875or404\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u662f\u6ca1\u5d29\uff09\/\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\/kale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u5230\u4e00\u90e8\u5206return address\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7n\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5f97\u5230return address\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u4f4d\uff08\u9519\u7684\u90fd\u5d29\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u5d29\u610f\u5473\u7740\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u7834\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0<br>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bcf\u6b21\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3anginx\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bfork\u51fa\u6765\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-100-1024x225.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"225\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-100-1024x225.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-737\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-101-1024x205.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"205\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-101-1024x205.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-738\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u4ecd\u7136\u505a\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec5\u4fee\u6539return address\u7684\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd4\u56de\/\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\/kale\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u627e\u5230return\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u8986\u76d6\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48return\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u518d\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6539\u6210kale\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0kale\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6267\u884c\u4e86return<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230pop %rdi; return; \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528write\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539rdi\/rsi\/rdx\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u8c03\u7528+return<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-102-1024x298.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"298\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-102-1024x298.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-739\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800cx86\u6c47\u7f16\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u672b\u5c3e\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662fcallee save\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u6bb5push\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u6bb5pop<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-104.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"255\" height=\"488\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-104.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-741\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u4fee\u65398\u4e2areturn address\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u770b\u80fd\u5426\u5f15\u53d1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a6\u4e2apop<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65ad\u7ae0\u53d6\u4e49\u6267\u884cpop rdi\u548cpop rsi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-105.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"748\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-105.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-742\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539rdx\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3ardx\u662fcaller save\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4fee\u6539rdx\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u4fee\u6539rdx\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fd\u6570strcmp\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5728PLT\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PLT\u8868\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5730\u57408\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5d29\u6e83<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230PLT\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539rdi\u3001rsi\u6765\u627e\u5230strcmp\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-106.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"488\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-106.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-743\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230write\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528PLT\u8868\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u7981\u6b62jmp\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u67d3\u8272\uff08taint\u4e3atrue\uff09\uff08\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-107-1024x572.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-107-1024x572.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-744\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7ea7\u522b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2ataint\u8868\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5c06taint\u4e3atrue\u7684\u503c\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u662ftaint\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u88ab\u6d17\u6389\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secure Channel\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e24\u8fb9\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5key\uff08\u9664\u975e\u904d\u5386key\u5426\u5219\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mac\uff1akey\u548cmessage\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u5bc6\u5f97\u5230token\uff0ctoken\u7528\u4e8e\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622aA\u5230B\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ed9B\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u8ba9B\u6267\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u89e3\u9501\u8f66\u95e8\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u7684seq\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u53cd\u590d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u91cd\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684seq\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u622a\u53d6A\u7ed9B\u7684seq\uff0c\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u6d88\u606f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5192\u5145B\u7ed9A\u53d1\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diffie-Hellman\uff1a\u4e24\u8fb9\u4ea4\u6362\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u7528\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\u62e6\u622a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RSA\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1aA\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u5f97\u5230B\u7684\u516c\u94a5\uff08\u6216\u8005B\u7ed9A\u53d1\u9001\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u53c2\u7167SE3308\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u95ee\u4f60\u7684CS\u5ba4\u53cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data Privacy\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OT-Oblivious Transfer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff1bB\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u662fB\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9A\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u6211\u201d\u60f3\u8981\u54ea\u4e2a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u751f\u6210\u4e24\u5bf9\u516c\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff1bB\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570r\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9A\uff1bA\u5f97\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u5f97\u5230k<sub>0<\/sub>\uff0ck<sub>1<\/sub>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fr\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u522b\u4e0ek<sub>0<\/sub>\uff0ck<sub>1<\/sub>\uff0c\u505a\u5f02\u6216\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u53d1\u7ed9B\uff1bB\u518d\u548cr\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u5f02\u6216\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DP-Differencial Privacy\u5dee\u5206\u9690\u79c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b\u4f46\u662fA\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u663e\u7136A\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u53cd\u590d\u7b5b\u9009\u5f97\u5230\u60f3\u8981\u662f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5B\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5206\u6bb5\uff08\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u800c\u975e\u7cbe\u786e\u503c\uff0c\u6709\u635f\u7684\uff09\uff1b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8be2\u95ee\u9884\u7b97\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u672a\u66f4\u65b0\u524d\uff0cB\u53ea\u80fd\u8be2\u95ee\u51e0\u6b21\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Secret Sharing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bben\u4e2a\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5206\u6210n\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4efb\u610fk\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u51fa\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u7406\uff1aS\u4e3a\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\uff0cf(x) = S + a<sub>1<\/sub>x + a<sub>2<\/sub>x + &#8230; + a<sub>k-1<\/sub>x<sup>k-1<\/sup>\uff0cn\u4e2a\u4eba\u62ff\u4e0d\u540c\u7684x\uff0ck\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51fa\u5168\u90e8a<sub>i<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u81f3\u5c11 k \u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e32\u901a\uff09 \u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HE<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>Homomorphic Encryption<\/strong>\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bc6\u6587\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u6587\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u4e91\u4e0a\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SWHE(SomeWhat Homomorphic Encryption)\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6<br>FHE(Full Homomorphic Encryption)\u5168\u540c\u6001\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u7b97\u90fd\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u505a\u4e0d\u5230<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TEE-<strong>Trusted Execution Environment<\/strong><\/strong>\u53ef\u4fe1\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230cache\u4e2d\u53d8\u6210\u660e\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-109.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"631\" height=\"470\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-109.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-798\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>TEE \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709 DRAM \u548c\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\uff1bREE \u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee TEE \u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fe1\u4efb\u786c\u4ef6\u5382\u5546<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u590d\u4e60\u4e0d\u5b8c\u8fa3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-note"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=192"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1045,"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192\/revisions\/1045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.smzytyzg.tw.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}